Altai Law Journal of Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia
Altai Law Journal

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Elena R. Abyzova Moscow Arbitration Court, Moscow, Russia, Barnaul2525@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The relevance of this topic stems from the need for a scientific understanding of the theoretical and practical significance of issues related to the relationship between the concepts of casual, individual, and personalized legal regulation within legal science. Promising areas for the further development of the relationship and interaction between casual, individual, and personalized legal regulation, in combination with micro-directives and non-legal means as regulators of social relations, using modern information technologies, are identified. Keywords: law, causality, individuality, personalization, legal regulation, non-legal means of regulation, self-regulation, co-regulation, additional regulation, micro-directives, legal transformation, information technology For citation: Abyzova E. R. On the Relationship between the Concepts of Casual, Individual and Personalized Legal Regulation. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:7–16 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Petimat Kh. Akieva Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property, Moscow, Russia, p.akieva@rgiis.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4212-3773 Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

    • Abstract. The article explores the ethical discussions about human nature among the Athenian philosophers of the 5th and 4th centuries BC as the foundations of the philosophy of public administration. A comparative analysis of philosophical approaches to education and upbringing of a virtuous citizen is conducted. These approaches have been developed within the framework of defining the most important human qualities that ensure sustainable development for society. Keywords: human nature, virtues, knowledge, education, civil society, management For citation: Akieva P. Kh. The Foundations of Citizenship in Ancient Philosophy. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:17–22 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Kirill B. Lazorin National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, kirill.lazorin@bk.ru

    • Abstract. The article presents the author's view on the system of functions of atypical normative legal acts. The author's methodological framework assumes that the functions of the phenomenon under study intersect with the functions of a normative legal act as a generic phenomenon, including a legal document of a regulatory nature. The author considers an atypical normative legal act as a socio-legal phenomenon in general and as a source of law in particular, which leads to different objects (systems) and, consequently, different functional effects. It is proposed to divide the functions of atypical normative legal acts into social and legal functions. A brief description of such legal functions as integration, optimization, specification (clarification), innovation, and system development is provided. The article concludes that the functions of atypical normative legal acts are independent and play a significant role in the formation, development, and implementation of legal acts. Keywords: atypical regulatory legal act, functions, regulatory legal act, legal act, source of law For citation: Lazorin K. B. Functions of Untypical Regulatory Legal Acts. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:23–28 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Artur A. Lednev Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia, Moscow, Russia, arturlednev@list.ru

    • Abstract. The author attempts to reveal the mechanism of experimental legal regulation through a combination of two basic elements - acts of interpretation and acts of implementation. The theoretical part of the material clarifies the relationship between the external form of law and its implementation, as well as the place of interpretation as a mandatory component of law enforcement. The empirical part of the article is based on an analysis of judicial materials and departmental acts, illustrating how the lack of agreed explanations and regulations generates variability of interpretation and procedural errors, while pre-accepted and agreed documents ensure legal certainty, comparability of results and legitimacy of the conclusions of the experiment. The final thesis is formulated in a substantive manner that acts of interpretation and implementation are constructive elements of the mechanism of experimental legal regulation; their standardization and early adoption are a prerequisite for the successful launch, controlled implementation and subsequent replication of experimental regimes. Keywords: Mechanism of experimental legal regulation, legal experiment, acts of interpretation, acts of implementation, interpretation of law, law enforcement For citation: Lednev A. A. The Mechanism of Experimental Legal Regulation: Synergy of Interpretation and Implementation. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:29–34 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Tatiana V. Maltseva Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia, Moscow, Russia, matlsewa2210@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The subject of the research in this article is the preventive function of Russian law and its implementation in the Russian judicial system. The author substantiates the thesis about the independent nature of this function. The levels of implementation of the preventive function of law (general social, speciallegal and individual-motivational) are revealed and argued. The author examines the role of the judiciary in the implementation of legal prevention at each level and concludes that the most specific preventive function is performed by the judicial system at the special legal and individual motivational levels, while at the general social level legal education is carried out so far on a modest scale. Analyzing the legal warning within the judicial system, the author examines a number of topical issues of personnel policy within the judiciary, uncertainty in the interpretation of the concepts of “conflict of interests”, “judicial error”, “disciplinary offence”. Keywords: legal warning, preventive function of law, conflict of interests, judicial community bodies, appointment of judges, legal awareness For citation: Maltseva T. V. Implementation of the Preventive Function of Law in the Russian Judicial System. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:35–43 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Alexander G. Bachurin Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, vooky22@yandex.ru
Ivan I. Samsonov Center for Sports Training of National Teams of the Altai Territory, Barnaul, Russia, sii2009@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. This article discusses an algorithm for classifying sports competitions as oficial, that is, having a special status. When conducting oficial competitions, there is a mandatory requirement – the need for identification and authentication of spectators, participants, and other persons. The conceptual framework is considered, using terms such as: spectators, participants in oficial sports competitions, and other persons. The existence of legal gaps in the regulation of identification and authentication algorithms is proved. Based on the requirements of regulatory legal acts, the procedure for issuing and using a personalized card to attend a sports competition is being studied. Keywords: public safety, public order, competition organizer, oficial sports events, fan ID, personalized card, owner (user) of a sports facility, participants in oficial sports competitions For citation: Bachurin A. G., Samsonov I. I. Administrative and Legal Regulation of the Process of Identification and Authentication of Spectators, Participants in Oficial Sports Competitions, and other Persons Involved in the Holding of such Competitions. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:44–49 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Tatiana O. Bryleva Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia, bryleva2002@list.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between control and supervision activities and public safety as key elements of state policy. The author explores theoretical approaches to defining the concepts of «public safety» and «control and supervision activities». The article provides a comparative analysis of the subject composition, forms, and methods of implementing these areas. Special attention is given to the controversial issue of the relationship between the categories of «control» and «supervision», and the main scientific positions are examined, ranging from their identification to their recognition as autonomous activities. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that control and supervision activities carried out by specialized entities are an integral part and management tool in the system of public safety, the state of which is largely reflected in the results of control and supervision activities. Keywords: public safety, control and supervision activities, state control, supervision, security subjects, forms and methods of control, law enforcement activities, and administrative coercion For citation: Bryleva T.O. Correlation of Individual Elements of Control and Supervision and Individual Elements of Public Safety. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:50–56 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Elena V. Kovaleva Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, ev_kovaleva01@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of law enforcement problems arising when oficers of the State Trafic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia apply an administrative coercion measure – the forced opening of a vehicle. The relevance of the topic is determined by the conflict between the public interest in ensuring road trafic safety and suppressing administrative offenses, such as driving under the influence of alcohol, and the private interest ( the inviolability of property guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The central problem is the legal uncertainty of the evaluative formulation "there are suficient grounds to believe," (Article 15.1 of the "On Police" Law), which serves as the key condition for applying this coercive measure. The author identifies a number of systemic dificulties, such as the lack of clear legislative criteria for assessing the "suficiency" of grounds, leading to subjectivism and the risk of abuse of power; the complexity of complying with and proving the principle of subsidiarity. Keywords: forced opening of a vehicle, Russian State Trafic Inspectorate, administrative coercion, suficient grounds, state of intoxication, conflict of public and private interests, legality, principle of subsidiarity, property rights For citation: Kovaleva E. V. Forced Opening of Vehicles by Oficers of the State Trafic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: the Conflict of Public and Private Interests. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:57–62 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Sergey V. Kuznetsov Nizhniy Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Alexander N. Volkov Nizhniy Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia wolkow.70@mail.ru
Anton M. Subbotin Nizhniy Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia sam1981@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. The article analyzes the problems of normative consolidation of the use of physical force, including from the point of view of the terminological apparatus of police legislation, which affects the procedural aspects of the application of an appropriate measure of administrative coercion. The authors examine the consolidation and use of the term «combat wrestling techniques» in the normative legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia regulating the activities of law enforcement oficers. It is proved that this definition is controversial, which can cause mistakes in law enforcement, forming the image of the police as a paramilitary security structure. The authors note the ambiguity of the interpretation of this term in various fields of activity (military, sports, cultural and historical), which makes it dificult for its legitimate and justified application in the field of law enforcement. There is insuficient specification of the substantive aspect of the use of physical force to regulate various law enforcement situations (repelling attacks, detention, mass riots). Keywords: police, legislation, administrative coercion, physical force, combat wrestling techniques For citation: Kuznetsov S. V., Volkov A. N., Subbotin A. M. Problems of the Use of Physical Force as a Special Measure of Administrative Coercion: Material and Procedural Aspects. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:63–68 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Andrey M. Pavlyuchenko Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, a_pavlyuchenko1997@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article analyzes the activities of the district police commissioner for the implementation of control and supervisory functions in the field of migration. The novelties of the migration legislation and their impact on the performance of oficial duties by the district police oficer at the assigned administrative site are considered. In this study, a detailed analysis is made of the algorithm of actions of district police oficers to prevent offenses in the migration sphere. This article discusses the procedure for interaction between the district police oficers and migration units. In this study, legal conflicts were identified that reduce the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in this area of activity. Author's proposals are formulated and aimed at improving regulatory and legal regulation, optimizing the organization of activities of units of district police oficers in the field of migration. Keywords: district police oficer, control and supervisory functions in the field of migration, foreign citizen For citation: Pavlyuchenko A. M. Interdepartmental Cooperation in the Field of Migration Control: the Role of the District Police Oficer. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:69–75 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Galina B. Fedorenko Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, galgofe@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article discusses the implementation of constitutional principles, such as the guarantee of inheritance in the Russian Federation, including persons under the age of eighteen, the protection of the rights of minor children, the mechanism for implementing the inheritance rights of minors, the participation and role of guardianship and guardianship authorities, legal representatives of minors, as well as the specifics of the implementation of rights and the fulfillment of duties imposed by law, and most importantly, the problems that arise in the exercise of these rights, considering some gaps in the law in this area. The author conducts some analysis of the recent dificulties put forward by researchers in regulating the above-mentioned public relations, their points of view, thereby emphasizing the relevance of the study and the need to find ways to regulate emerging problems. The article provides examples from the author's practical activities, analyzes judicial practice and the positions of higher courts dealing with such issues. In particular, the problems of inheritance by minors of real estate objects in the stage of unfinished construction, erected using maternity capital, are being investigated. Keywords: constitutional inheritance rights, protection of the rights of minors, legal representatives, renunciation of inheritance, maternity capital For citation: Fedorenko G. B. Features and Problems of Realization of Constitutional Inheritance Rights of Minors. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:76–81 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Nadezhda A. Shvetsova Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Voronezh, Russia, shvetsova0212@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article examines the issue of legislative consolidation of the concept of "aggregate of administrative offenses" in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, and compares the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in terms of the consolidation of forms and types of multiple administrative offenses committed by minors. The relevance of a special study of the institution of aggregate of administrative offenses in relation to juvenile offenders is substantiated. It is proved that the standard approaches to the qualification and imposition of punishment for committing multiple administrative offenses, which were developed for adults, do not take into account the psychophysiological, social, and pedagogical characteristics of minors. The author analyzes statistical data on juvenile delinquency and suggests some preventive measures to address the issue of juvenile delinquency. Keywords: administrative legislation, administrative offense, multiple administrative offenses, minors For citation: Shvetsova N. A. On the Concept of «Aggregate» as a Form of Multiple Administrative Offenses Committed by Minors. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:82–87 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Yuriy M. Antonyan NRI of the Ministry of Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia, antonyaa@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. This article, drawing on theoretical research by foreign and domestic scholars, as well as an extensive empirical base, presents an original analysis of the phenomenon of sadism and crimes committed for these motives. It examines manifestations of sadism among various categories of criminals: juveniles and adults, domestic and terrorist, including those involving sexual offenses. The author's theoretical conclusions are based on an in-depth analysis of the works of renowned psychologists describing the inner world of a sadist and their key characteristics. Practical proposals address the improvement of investigative work to identify, solve, investigate, and prevent crimes committed for sadistic motives. Keywords: sadism, sadistic motivation, sadistic crimes, sexual crimes, extreme cruelty, suffering and torment of victims, responsibility, punishment, family, minor For citation: Antonyan Yu. M. Prevention of Sadistic Crimes (Based on the Author's Monograph "The Indecent Marquis de Sade and Sadism", Moscow, 2025). Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:88–95 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Ilya V. Botvin Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, botviniv@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article analyzes the transformation of Russian criminal policy under the influence of technological progress and geopolitical changes. Establishing that there is no universal, universally accepted definition of criminal policy in Russian legal science, the author examines the main approaches to its interpretation, emphasizing its complex, interdisciplinary nature. The evolution from stable Soviet legislation to the modern dynamic model is traced, and three key features are identified: uncertainty, hyperdetermination, and emergency. Specific examples demonstrate how these trends manifest themselves in the changes made to criminal legislation. Special attention is paid to the issues of law enforcement in the context of Russia's current criminal policy. In conclusion, proposals are formulated to optimize the criminal policy by restoring the balance between flexibility and stability in legal regulation. Keywords: criminal policy, crime prevention, expediency, uncertainty, technological progress For citation: Botvin I. V. Transformation of the Criminal Policy of the Russian Federation: New Features and Development Prospects. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:96–101 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Ekaterina P. Glebova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russia, Barnaul, Russia, glebovaep@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article examines the issues that necessitate amendments to the current domestic criminal law, namely Article 1241 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author concludes that the legislator's use of the term "causing" when constructing the offense of obstructing the provision of medical care is unjustified and that it must be replaced with the term "offensive". In addition, the author points out the need to amend the sanctions in Parts 1 and 2 of Article 1241 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which is due to the requirement of fairness in relation to the punishments provided for in Articles 109 and 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the sanction in Part 2 of Article 1241 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation actually covers causing the death of two or more patients, and one of the forms of obstruction of medical care is a violation of trafic rules. Keywords: improvement of the criminal law, obstruction of medical care, differentiation of criminal liability, infliction, penalization For citation: Glebova E. P. Improvement of the Norms Providing for Liability for Obstructing the Provision of Medical Care (Part 1, 2 of Article 1241 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:102–108 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
УДК 343.9:343.326 Alexander V. Zabrodin FKU IK-35 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Khakassia, Abakan, Russia, sashaeuro8@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article presents a criminological profile of individuals convicted of terrorist crimes, for whom a differentiated approach is implemented. The study provides a brief criminological profile of those convicted of terrorist crimes. It also analyzes registered terrorist crimes and the number of individuals convicted of this category of crimes held in correctional facilities of the Russian Federation. The study provides a proposal for differentiating the execution of sentences for this category of convicts and identifying personality types among those convicted of terrorist crimes. Keywords: convicted persons, terrorism, terrorist ideology, crimes of a terrorist nature, criminological characteristics, imprisonment, differentiation, typologization, crime prevention, criminal identity For citation: Zabrodin A. V. Criminological Characteristics of Persons Convicted for Committing Terrorist Crimes, in Respect of which a Differentiated Approach to the Execution of Punishment is Implemented. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:109–115 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Evgeny S. Kvasnikov Omsk Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Omsk, Russia, evgen1219@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-3900

    • Abstract. The relevance of the research topic is due to the dificulties in qualifying attacks on human life committed in the form of illegal passive behavior. It is more dificult to make a criminal law assessment of the defendant's omission resulting in the death of the victim than to qualify active illegal actions, since there is a fine line between socially dangerous and ordinary (non-illegal) passive behavior. The article analyzes the elements of the corpus delicti provided for in Articles 105–109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; indicates legally significant circumstances for qualifying crimes against life committed in the form of omission; examines the opinions of representatives of the doctrine of criminal law; provides and criticizes forensic investigative practice in qualifying the corresponding crimes committed in the form of omission. Keywords: qualification, crime, omission, murder, death, intent, negligence For citation: Kvasnikov E. S. Qualification of Crimes against Life Committed in the Form of Omission. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:116–125 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Nadezhda V. Klimovich Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, nadya-klimovich@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article examines the significance and goals of exemption from criminal liability with the imposition of a criminal penalty, and identifies the specific features and uniqueness of this measure in domestic criminal proceedings. The article also examines and defines the main requirements for the procedure of exemption from criminal liability with the imposition of a criminal penalty. Based on a synthesis of views expressed in the criminal procedure literature, an analysis of judicial practice, and current legislation, the author identifies a problem that arises from the lack of deadlines for paying the criminal penalty when it is imposed by a court on a guilty person. It is proposed to supplement Part 1.1 of Article 4463 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation with the following provision: “Courts, in their rulings on imposing a criminal penalty on a person, shall set a 60-day deadline for its execution, which shall begin on the day the ruling enters into force”. Keywords: exemption from criminal liability, other criminal measures, judicial fine For citation: Klimovich N. V. Problems of Imposition of a Fine in Criminal Proceedings. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:126–130 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Viktor F. Lugovik Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Omsk, Russia, Vlug@yandex.ru
Andrey E. Chechetin Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, achechetin@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article examines the evolution of the doctrine of the goals and objectives of operational investigative activities both in doctrine and in positive law. It is shown that the initial criminologically - oriented paradigm («Operational-Search Activity» — to combat crime) in the course of legislative transformations was shifted towards a multi–purpose tool for ensuring security and administrative control. The thesis is substantiated about the blurring of the subject of operational investigative science due to the expansion of tasks through norms formally devoted to the grounds and conditions for conducting operational investigative measures (art. 7, Article 8.1 of the Law on the Operational-Search Activity). The author argues for the presence of a counterintelligence component and formulates a proposal for a normative distinction. The author stresses out that counterintelligence tasks should be regulated by a special law on counterintelligence activities (or an independent set of rules), which provides for the possibility of using the Operational-Search Activity as a technique (toolkit). Also, it is advisable to teleologically «return» the Law on the Operational –— Search Activity to countering crime. Conclusions and suggestions for improving legislation are formulated. Keywords: operational-search activity, teleology, goals and objectives, the subject of the science of the operational-search activity, the foundationsof operational-search activities, state security, counterintelligence, legislative technique, differentiation of legal regimes For citation: Lugovik V. F., Chechetin A. E. Operational Investigative Teleology: Theoretical and Legal Metamorphoses. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:131–137 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Alexander V. Maksimenko Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Belgorod, Russia mav1202@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-9138
Ivan N. Arkhiptsev Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Belgorod, Russia ArhiptsevIN@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-2712

    • traficking of pornographic materials involving minors. Crimes involving the sexual exploitation of minors are currently characterized by a heightened level of public danger and latency. Based on their research, the authors propose a number of measures to help prevent these acts. The authors also propose measures to prevent the crimes under consideration. Keywords: minors, sexual exploitation, traficking in pornographic products, preventive measures For citation: Maksimenko A. V., Arkhiptsev I. N. Problems of Qualification and Prevention of Illegal Traficking in Pornographic Products Involving Minors (Articles 242.1, 242.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:138–143 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Kristina A. Moiseenko Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Russia, Barnaul, krizlot@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. The article examines the institution of release from criminal liability in connection with the expiration of limitation periods in the Romano-Germanic legal family. The study systematizes approaches to determining the length of limitation periods through the categorical (framework), sanction-based (formal), and mixed (individualized) models, and also compares two models governing the running of limitation periods – the subjective-repressive model and the objective-procedural model. The study demonstrates the relationship between the chosen technique for setting limitation periods and the mechanisms for their cancellation and suspension, as well as the significance of safeguard constraints in the form of an overall limit on criminal prosecution. Besides, the article considers the special regime for calculating limitation periods for offences against minors as a trend in the development of the objective-procedural model. Keywords: Romano-Germanic legal family, limitation periods in criminal law, release from criminal liability, cancellation of the limitation period, suspension of the limitation period, overall limit on criminal prosecution For citation: Moiseenko K. A. The Institution of Release from Criminal Liability in Connection with the Expiration of Limitation Periods in the Romano-Germanic Legal Family: Models of Duration and Course of Terms. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:144–150 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Vasily V. Porayko Far Eastern Institute (branch) of VSUJ (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Khabarovsk, Russia, porayko@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-5028

    • Abstract. The article addresses contentious issues concerning the interpretation of the subjective elements of the offences involving the production and distribution of materials or objects containing pornographic images of minors, including the possibility of committing such crimes with indirect intent and the conceptualization of «sexual purposes» in the context of the offender’s aims and motives. Based on the study of subjective imputation in cases concerning the production and distribution of materials or objects containing pornographic images of minors, the author concludes that there is an urgent need to raise the standards of law-enforcement activity through the strict observance of the principle of guilt. Keywords: principle of guilt, subjective imputation, objective imputation, pornographic images of minors, pornographic materials and objects, sexual purposes For citation: Porayko V. V. Criminal-Law Risks of Objective Imputation in the Qualification of the Production and Distribution of Materials or Objects Containing Pornographic Images of Minors. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:151–159 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Nadezhda V. Tydykova Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, academnauka@rambler.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-9314 Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia
Olga A. Kazantseva Children’s Rights Commissioner in the Altai Territory, Barnaul, Russia, deti@alregn.ru

    • Abstract. This article examines the issues surrounding the exercise of parental rights by individuals serving a prison sentence. The authors assume that, given the restrictions imposed by imprisonment, the exercise of parental rights is realized through forms permitted by the conditions of their sentence: visits with children, correspondence, telephone conversations, and visits outside the correctional facility. The authors conclude that the discretionary nature of most regulations governing visits with children, correspondence, telephone conversations, and visits outside the correctional facility allows them to be recommended for application, taking into account the presence of minor children. Keywords: parental rights, children, incarceration, correspondence, visits, telephone conversations, resocialization For citation: Tydykova N. V., Kazantseva O. A. Russian Legislation Regarding the Exercise of Parental Rights by Persons Sentenced to Imprisonment and Trends in their Application in Altai Krai. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:160–166 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Diana L. Faizova Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Kazan, Russia, faizova.27092000@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of qualification problems related to the addition of a sign of violence or threat of violence to the main body of hooliganism (paragraph "a" of Part 1 of Article 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). In particular, the issues related to the differentiation of beatings and causing minor harm to health as a type of violence as part of hooliganism (Article 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) from similar acts committed with hooligan motives as part of crimes against the person are considered. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the need to develop recommendations and clarifications for the uniform application of the criminal law. Keywords: hooliganism, hooligan motives, beatings, causing minor harm to health, gross violation of public order, violence For citation: Faizova D. L. Problematic Aspects of the Distinction between Hooliganism Involving Violence Against Citizens (Paragraph “A” of Part 1 of Article 213 of the Criminal Code) and Beatings Committed for Hooligan Motives (Article 116 of the Criminal Code). Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:167–173 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Alena D. Tsyplakova Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, tsyplakova.a.d@my.mgimo.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8564-0696
Vitaly F. Vasykov Sukharev Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, vvf0109@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0743-5616

    • Abstract. The authors have analyzed implementing the meta-universe into the governmental-authority activities, identified criminal-related risks, studied various classifications of possible meta-crimes, assessed the perspectives and feasibility of their criminalization, and proposed some possible ways to counter them. Keywords: meta-verse, criminal risks, virtual world, cybercrimes, meta-crimes, fantasy crimes, crime prevention For citation: Tsyplakova А. D., Vasykov V. F. Meta Verse as a New Criminal Dimension. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:174–182 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Lily V. Cherepanova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, cherepanovalv@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the category of "interaction". It is shown that interaction is one of the problematic categories of criminal procedural science, both in terms of procedural law, law enforcement, and theoretical and methodological aspects. The article identifies the need to develop the legal essence and content of "interaction", its institutional basis, and procedural conditions as the basis for successful crime investigation. In this regard, the essence of the concept of "interaction" as a legal relationship, the legal conditions for its effectiveness, and amendments to the criminal procedure legislation have been clarified. Keywords: investigator, interaction, crime investigation, legal relations, legal conditions of interaction, general conditions of preliminary investigation For citation: Cherepanova L. V. Сriminal Procedural Interaction. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:183–192 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Yana A. Eismont Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, yana.eismont1608@gmail.com

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the basics of differentiation of criminal liability for a crime under Article 228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author has carried out a comprehensive analysis of the system of principles underlying the differentiation of criminal liability for the specified act. The principles of special differentiation of criminal liability in relation to Article 228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are proposed and argued. The conclusion is substantiated that optimal differentiation is possible only with the strict observance of the principles acting as a conceptual basis. Keywords: differentiation of criminal liability, criminal law policy, general legal principles, special principles of differentiation of criminal liability, crimes in the field of drug traficking For citation: Eismont Ya. A. Principles of Differentiation of Criminal Liability for Illegal Acquisition, Storage, Transportation, Manufacture, Processing of Drugs. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;1:193–198 (In Russ.).
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