Altai Law Journal of Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia
Altai Law Journal

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Vasily V. Baburin Omsk Order of Honor Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Omsk, Russia, vvbaburin@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article examines the theoretical and legal problem of defining the content of legal relationship. It is noted that the traditional approach, which reduces the content of legal relationship solely to the totality of subjective rights and legal obligations, conflicts with the philosophical understanding of the categories of “content” and “structure.” The need for differentiation of the concepts “the composition of legal relationship”, “the structure of legal relationship,” and “the content of legal relationship” is proved. Particular attention is given to the essential characteristic of legal relationship — its focus on stimulating lawful behavior among its participants. The author concludes that the content of legal relationship should be understood as a mechanism for implementing law, a dynamic process of transforming static legal norms into the actual behavior of subjects. The theoretical principles are illustrated by using the examples from the field of criminal law. However, the main conclusions have general legal significance. Keywords: legal relationship, content of legal relationship, structure of legal relationship, composition of legal relationship, lawful behavior, realization of the right, subjective right, legal obligation, mechanism of legal regulation, essence of legal relationship For citation: Baburin V. V. Ensuring Lawful Behavior as an Essential Characteristic of Legal Relationship. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:7–14 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Vladimir V. Bedenkov Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia bedenkov-1989@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-3380
Konstantin A. Sinkin Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia ska76@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-5275
Margarita N. Petrova Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia

    • Abstract. Legal education of youth is becoming strategically important in the context of increasing legal uncertainty, the transformation of social institutions and the growth of destructive influences (Internet extremism, legal nihilism, values inflation). The article analyzes modern challenges affecting the formation of the legal consciousness of the younger generation, reveals institutional, social and cultural barriers. It offers approaches and mechanisms for the effective implementation of legal education. The emphasis is placed on interdepartmental cooperation, digitalization of legal education and the practice of applying regional programs. Keywords: legal education, legal consciousness, legal culture, destructive behavior, crime prevention, digital environment, legal nihilism For citation: Bedenkov V. V., Sinkin K. A., Petrova M. N. Legal Education of Youth in the Context of Modern Challenges. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:15–21 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Tatyana A. Gavrilova Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, lucky21girl@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. Within the framework of this study, a comprehensive analysis of the process of formation of the institution of jurors in African countries is given. In modern legal literature, when analyzing the historical development of the jury trial, close attention is always paid to European countries, taking the continental (French) and English models as the main ones. At the same time, although the African model is in many ways a reception of the continental one, it also has its theoretical and practical significance. Having gone through a very difficult and interesting development path, the jury trial is now entrenched in the legal systems of countries such as Ghana, Congo, Sierra Leone, Benin, Chad and Côte d’Ivoire. Each of the above-mentioned republics has its own functional differences in activity of the jury trial. It should be noted that although the functioning of the jury trial in Africa is carried out in conditions of economic backwardness and the strong influence of socio-cultural traditions, values and customs, this legal institution is quite popular and effective. Keywords: jury trial, institute of jurors, Africa, African continent, jurors, criminal procedure, criminal legal proceedings For citation: Gavrilova T. A. Historical and Legal Analysis of the Formation and Development of the Jury Trial on the Example of the Countries of the African Continent. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:22–26 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Mikhail V. Kuchin Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia, misha.k.77@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The relevance of the study is determined by the search for modern models of public-state partnership in the law enforcement sphere. The Soviet experience of attracting citizens to maintaining public order through Volunteer People’s Squads (VNS) in the 1960s–1970s represents a unique historical and legal phenomenon of optimizing militia resources. The aim of the article is to analyze the mechanisms and effectiveness of the interaction between VNS and the militia in the RSFSR during this period. The study is based on historical-juridical (retrospective, comparative-juridical) and comparative methods. Based on archival records, including the unique “Unified Deployment of Posts and Patrol Routes of the City of Kazan” (1974), the regional specificity and regulatory consolidation of the model are revealed. The main conclusion is that the effectiveness of activity was ensured not by the mass involvement of volunteers (up to 61.7% of patrol forces in Kazan), but by strict organization. Historical experience demonstrates the potential of systematically involving citizens in law enforcement without expanding government staff, which remains practically relevant for contemporary discussions. Keywords: voluntary people’s squads, public order; militia officers For citation: Kuchin M. V. Historical and Legal Experience of Interaction Between Voluntary People’s Guard and the Militia in the RSFSR in the 1960S–1970S. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:27–35 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Evgeny V. Loos Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, elev_01@mail.ru
Dmitry A. Shaporev The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Altai branch, Barnaul, Russia

    • Abstract. The implementation and effective legal protection of the individual’s rights to honor and dignity require an understanding of the nature of these concepts. An analysis of their evolution in the historical context helps to reveal the essence and patterns of development of these phenomena. This article explores the ideas of personal honor and dignity in ancient Eastern states (Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China). The social and state-legal development of these countries had common features: the emerging state became an instrument of class domination, often taking the form of oriental despotism. Since religion—deifying the ruler—served as the ideological foundation of despotism, this profoundly influenced the formation of ideas about honor and dignity during this period. Keywords: honor, dignity, personality, the Ancient East, ideas, human rights For citation: Loos Е. V., Shaporev D. A. Political and Legal Ideas about the Honor and Dignity of a Person in the States of the Ancient East. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:36–41 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Alevtina V. Nikulina Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, alik-112@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the essence of the concept of «lawmaking». The author emphasizes the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon in legal reality and considers it as an important tool in the system of legal regulation. In order to use this tool effectively, it is necessary to deeply understand the essence of lawmaking. In this regard, the author analyzes the historical aspects of the development of the theory of lawmaking through the prism of the legal understanding concepts, as well as the current approaches to interpreting the concept under study. The article highlights the importance of considering the social needs of society when giving legal form to established rules of behavior. Special attention is paid to the relationship between lawmaking and the concepts of «rulemaking» and «law-making» that are often used in scientific literature. As a result, the author concludes that these concepts are synonymous. Keywords: theory of lawmaking, natural law theory, natural law, positive law, lawmaking, rulemaking, law-making, social interest For citation: Nikulina A. V. Law-Making: Theoretical Problems of Understanding. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:42–47 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Sergey P. Shatilov Siberian State Transport University, Novosibirsk, Russia, shatilov_sp@mail.ru
Еlena A. Chiburova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, chiburovae@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6313-6070

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the priority areas of the advocacy of the Novosibirsk region during the Great Patriotic War. It examines the issues of functional content transformation of the legal profession in the context of the mobilization restructuring of the state mechanism, including the dynamics of staffing, changes in the regime and volume of legal assistance to the population, the specifics of legal support for military personnel and their families, as well as the development of information and explanatory, campaigning and financial mobilization work of law firms. The conducted research allows us to conclude that in the extreme conditions of wartime, the advocacy of the region evolved into a multifunctional institution that effectively combined traditional human rights functions with the implementation of public law tasks of organizational, ideological and mobilization nature, which indicates a high degree of adaptability and civic mobilization of the legal community. Keywords: advocacy, the Great Patriotic War, Novosibirsk region, legal aid, wartime, staffing, propaganda and explanatory work, financial mobilization, legal regulation, historical and legal analysis For citation: Shatilov S. P., Chiburova Е. A. Priority Areas of Activity of the Advocacy during the Great Patriotic War (Based on Materials from the Novosibirsk Region). Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:48–54 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Alexej G. Grishakov Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, grishakovag@buimvd.ru

    • Abstract. This article provides a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Nicaragua. The author examines the fundamental principles of the Nicaraguan National Police, as well as the procedures, grounds, and prohibitions for the use of special administrative measures. The article lists the situations in which the use of firearms by the Nicaraguan police is permitted, focusing on prohibitions related to the use of force and the use of firearms. Keywords: aggressive behavior, the procedure for the use of force, special administrative measures, the rights and responsibilities of the police, real threat, lethal weapons, non-lethal devices For citation: Grishakov A. G. A Comparative Legal Analysis of Certain Provisions of the Regulatory Legal Acts of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Nicaragua Governing the Application of Special Administrative Measures by the Police. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:55–61 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Kirill I. Darovskikh State Academic University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, kirilldarovskih@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7284-2323

    • Abstract. The article analyzes judicial federalism as an element of the organization of the judicial branch in federal states. Its components are examined in the context of different types of judicial system organization. Particular attention is paid to the Russian judicial system, which, despite its formal federal structure, operates according to a unitary principle due to a high extent of judicial centralization. The article discusses the challenges of implementing judicial federalism in Russia, including issues related to language policy and the organizational status of magistrates. The conclusion on the necessity of reconsideration of the concept of judicial federalism and recognition of the unitary nature of the Russian judicial system is made. Keywords: federalism, unitary state, judicial federalism, judicial unitarism, jurisdiction, judicial power For citation: Darovskikh K. I. The Impact of the State Structure on Allocation of Jurisdiction Within the Russian Judicial System. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:62–70 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Sergey V. Yevtushenko Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, nn.pokrovka@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. The article considers the specifics of the encouragement under Russian legislation. By highlighting the relevant features, the state of encouragement as the leading general method of public administration is analyzed. Controversial issues regarding the consolidation and application of the method of public administration are raised. The author’s proposals aimed at improving the effectiveness of encouragement are presented. Keywords: encouragement, public administration, method, stimulation For citation: Yevtushenko S. V. Encouragement as a Method of Public Administration. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:71–78 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Valery R. Kisin Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia srgmlh@yandex.ru
Ekaterina A. Terekhova Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia katepost0057@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article presents arguments that actualize the need to increase the attention of legislators and law enforcement officers to the issues of evidence in proceedings on administrative offenses. The gaps in the normative regulation of some procedural actions for the collection of evidence provided for by the norms of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation are identified. The necessity of changing the relevant norms of the Code is substantiated, and it is proposed to supplement it with norms that ensure the possibility of performing procedural actions currently unknown to administrative-tort legislation, but necessary for collecting evidence. Keywords: administrative-tort legislation, collection of evidence, procedural actions, inspection, electronic media, confrontation, presentation for identification, constitutional guarantees For citation: Kisin V. R., Terekhova E. A. Some Gaps in the Normative Regulation of Procedural Actions for the Collection of Evidence in Proceedings on Administrative Offenses. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:79–83 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Valery R. Kisin Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia srgmlh@yandex.ru
Ekaterina A. Terekhova Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia katepost0057@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article presents arguments that actualize the need to increase the attention of legislators and law enforcement officers to the issues of evidence in proceedings on administrative offenses. The gaps in the normative regulation of some procedural actions for the collection of evidence provided for by the norms of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation are identified. The necessity of changing the relevant norms of the Code is substantiated, and it is proposed to supplement it with norms that ensure the possibility of performing procedural actions currently unknown to administrative-tort legislation, but necessary for collecting evidence. Keywords: administrative-tort legislation, collection of evidence, procedural actions, inspection, electronic media, confrontation, presentation for identification, constitutional guarantees For citation: Kisin V. R., Terekhova E. A. Some Gaps in the Normative Regulation of Procedural Actions for the Collection of Evidence in Proceedings on Administrative Offenses. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:79–83 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Yulia L. Korabelnikova Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia, korable79@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid=0000-0002-2461-9049

    • Abstract. This article examines the legal status of volunteers and volunteer organizations and the main areas of their participation in law enforcement activities carried out jointly with various police units in urban settings. This study explores the characteristics of collaboration and the specifics of engaging in volunteer activities in cities, as well as the legal and organizational issues that impact the effectiveness of joint efforts. As a result, ways to improve the participation of volunteers and volunteer organizations in law enforcement activities in urban settings are outlined. They are determined by the increased involvement of non-state actors in these activities and the development of public-private partnerships in the modern urban security system. Keywords: police, citizens participation in maintaining public order, city security, volunteers, volunteer organizations For citation: Korabelnikova Yu. L. Police and Volunteer Cooperation to Ensure City Security: Main Directions, Problems, and Prospects. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:84–92 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Anastasia V. Miroshnichenko Omsk Order of Honor Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Omsk, Russia, patrusheva_avp@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article analyzes modern ideas about gender norms and their impact on the legal regulation of marital and family relations in Russia. In the context of global changes and the transformation of traditional values, gender norms have become an important factor determining the dynamics of family relations and the legal framework for their regulation. The article explores the key aspects and development of gender norms. Special attention is given to how the current state of gender norms affects the formation of legal regulations governing marriage, family, and parental responsibilities. The author examines the challenges faced by Russian society in the context of changing gender roles and identities, as well as the prospects for adapting legislation to new realities. In conclusion, the author suggests possible ways to improve the legal regulation of marriage and family relations in Russia, taking into account these challenges and problems. Keywords: gender norms, legal regulation, marital and family relations, modern society, transformation, traditional values, gender equality, protection of children’s rights, improvement of legislation For citation: Miroshnichenko A. V. Evolution of Gender Norms and their Impact on the Legal Regulation of Marital and Family Relations in Russia: Challenges and Prospects. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:93–98 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Evgeny A. Molyarov Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, apiad.kafedra@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9075-7466

    • Abstract. The article discusses the specifics of police documentation of administrative offenses resulting in the illegal sale of alcoholic beverages by individuals in the following typical initial situations: 1) the sale of alcoholic beverages is carried out at a store; 2) in a facility not intended for conducting business; 3) through online stores and social networks without official registration of the relevant business activity; 4) the sale of alcoholic beverages is carried out using techniques to conceal the fact of the sale of such beverages from law enforcement control. The introduction of a new measure for ensuring proceedings in cases of administrative offenses, the “administrative verification purchase” is proposed in order to improve the quality of documentation of offenses. Keywords: police, administrative offenses, illegal trafficking, retail trade, alcoholic products, alcoholic beverages For citation: Molyarov E. A. Features of Documentation by the Police of Administrative Offenses Resulting in the Illegal Retail Sale of Alcoholic Beverages by Individuals. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:99–107 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Anneta M. Shaganyan Ural Institute of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia, sha-anneta@mail.ru
Olesya D. Ovchinnikova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, olesya901@mail.ru

    • rights and freedoms of health care workers. The general trend of attacks on health care workers in the course of their professional activities is a cause for concern. This negative phenomenon is noted to exist not only in the Russian Federation but also abroad. The authors examine existing legislative guarantees for the protection of health care workers’ rights, taking into account proposals for improving and expanding protective tools. Furthermore, international experience in this area is examined. The authors conclude that only a comprehensive approach of legislative, economic, organizational, and educational measures can ensure the personal safety of health care workers in the course of their professional activities. Keywords: rights, freedoms, legal status, guarantees, protection, healthcare workers For citation: Shaganyan A. M., Ovchinnikova O. D. Legal Guarantees for the Protection of Healthcare Workers’ Rights. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:108–114 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Natalia A. Shmoilova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, nataliasch@ya.ru
Victoria V. Мolotova Altai Krai Legislative Assembly, Barnaul, Russia, advocatemolotova@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article examines the relationship between the legal and psychological aspects of the implementation of constitutional human rights and freedoms in the field of healthcare. The relationship between the normative recognition of the right to health protection and medical care (Article 41 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and its subjective perception, awareness, and actualization in the daily practices of individuals is analyzed. It is shown that the effective implementation of this right depends not only on the state of the legal and healthcare systems, but also on the level of development of the individual’s legal consciousness, which includes cognitive (knowledge of rights), axiological (the value of health as a legal good), and behavioral (readiness for legally significant behavior, the realization and protection of rights) components. Keywords: constitutional right to health, individual legal consciousness, the significance of rights and freedoms, legal culture, the implementation of rights and freedoms, the right to medical care, the psychology of law, health as a value For citation: Shmoilova N. A., Мolotova V. V. Constitutional Rights and Guarantees of Individual in the Sphere of Life and Health. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:115–121 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Alexander A. Shpindler Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, imp.shpindlier@gmail.com

    • Abstract. The article analyzes the constitutional and legal role of the Security Council of the Russian Federation in the implementation of countersanctions policy. The problems of the normative consolidation of its status are examined, and the necessity of adopting a separate federal law is substantiated. The article identifies three functional areas of activity of this body in relation to sanctions-related issues, and also reveals the legal nature of the decisions adopted by it, qualifying them as non-normative legal acts. Keywords: Security Council of the Russian Federation, countersanctions policy, special economic measures, constitutional status, interdepartmental commissions, scientific and expert council, sanctionsrelated threats, National Security Strategy For citation: Shpindler A. A. Powers of the Security Council of the Russian Federation in Implementing Countersanctions Policy. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:122–129 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Anna G. Bragina Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, agb.06@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The author explores the concept of Satanism as a worldview, discusses certain radical Satanic movements, the practices they involve, and the principles of their perpetrators. The mechanisms by which Satanism spreads are described. Based on an analysis of judicial and investigative practice and current legislation, a system of criteria for classifying Satanist groups according to the degree of public danger is proposed. Recommendations are formulated for improving counteraction to criminal acts caused by Satanism, as a threat to the national security of the Russian Federation. Keywords: religious extremism, Satanism, Satanist group, national security, counteracting extremism For citation: Bragina A. G. Characteristics of Satanism in the Context of Religious Extremism: Concept, Classification Criteria of Criminal Activity, Improvement of Counteraction. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:130–140 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Nikita V. Burkov Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, burkovnv87@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the institution of complicity in Russian criminal law. It explores the fundamental doctrinal issue of differentiating between the concepts of the “form” and the “type” of complicity, relying on historical-legal and philosophical-logical arguments. The author proves the preference for the term “form of complicity” to denote the organizational structure of criminal associations. A detailed examination is provided of the legal formulations of complicity forms codified in Article 35 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to identifying the characteristics and challenges in qualifying complex forms of complicity. Based on an analysis of doctrinal sources and clarifications issued by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the article reveals legislative gaps and evaluative categories in the legal definitions of an organized group and a criminal community. In particular, the article critically examines the criteria of “stability” and the specific purpose behind the creation of a criminal community. It aims to systematize knowledge of the forms of complicity and to develop recommendations for improving law enforcement practices. Keywords: complicity in crime, form of complicity, type of complicity, group of persons, organized group, criminal community For citation: Burkov N. V. Current Issues in Understanding Forms of Complicity in Crime and their Regulation under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:141–148 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Tatiana A. Vertepova Krasnodar University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Krasnodar, Russia, vertepova_ta@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4419-3188
Ekaterina N. Aleshina-Alekseeva Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia, katyal07@inbox.ru, https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-3704

    • Abstract. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between corruption and illegal migration in the Russian Federation from the perspective of criminal law. Based on official statistics from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, court and investigative practice, and legal acts, the article examines the systemic nature of corruption as a factor that reduces the barriers to illegal border crossings, the issuance of migration documents, and the formation of stable channels for circumventing migration laws. Special attention is given to the issues of criminal liability for the actions of officials in migration departments. Based on the analysis of court and investigative practice and current legislation, the article proposes measures to improve legal regulation. The need to implement a set of special measures to counter corruption in the migration sphere has been substantiated. Keywords: corruption, illegal migration, criminal liability, qualification of crimes, fictitious registration, officials, shadow economy, crime latency, anti-corruption, and migration legislation For citation: Vertepova T. A., Aleshina-Alekseeva E. N. Corruption as a Factor of Illegal Migration in the Russian Federation: Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:149–155 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Alexander S. Dezhnev Omsk Order of Honor Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Omsk, Russia, omsk-das@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article examines current issues related to the implementation of the constitutional right not to testify against oneself, one's spouse, or close relatives. It notes the lack of a detailed procedure for enforcing this right. The problems arising in this context are analyzed. They concern the definition of persons having immunity, the assessment of information received from interrogated persons, liability for unlawful refusal to testify, and the clarification of the norm of immunity for minors and their legal representatives. Approaches to resolving disputes are proposed. Directions for optimizing legislation in this area are outlined. Keywords: witness immunity, testimony, interrogation, close relatives, constitutional rights, suspect, accused, witness, victim For citation: Dezhnev A. S. Features of the Implementation of the Provisions of Art. 51 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation when Giving Testimony in Criminal Cases. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:156–161 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Olga V. Ermakova Ural State Law University named after V. F. Yakovlev, Ekaterinburg, Russia, ermakova_alt@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article explores the problems of understanding the retroactivity of law. First, the author formulates his own position on the recognition of retroactivity as a legal principle, since the resolution of this issue allows an understanding of the essence of this category of criminal law. The author thoroughly analyzes the positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which in a number of decisions attributes retroactivity to the legal principle, as well as scholarly views on this issue. The author argues that the retroactivity of criminal law is not an independent legal principle, but rather a special rule governing the action of law in time, modifying the general provisions of Article 9 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and serving as a tool for implementing the principles of legality, humanism, and justice. Particular attention is given to the Constitutional Court’s expansive interpretation of Article 54 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the application of retroactive rules in cases where positive changes affect other criminal law measures. Suggestions for improving law enforcement practices are made. Keywords: retroactive effect of criminal law, principles of criminal law, application of law in time, humanism, justice For citation: Ermakova O. V. Problematic Aspects of Retroactive Effect of Criminal Law. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:162–167 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Peter N. Kobets All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia, pkobets37@rambler.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-3788

    • Abstract. The author analyzes and evaluates various aspects of criminal manifestations in the sphere of modern slavery. The article reveals the causal complex underlying the widespread prevalence of illegal activity related to human trafficking. Furthermore, the author emphasizes the complexities and focuses on the difficulties that hinder law enforcement professionals from detecting this type of criminal activity. In studying this problem, potential dangers and threats that contribute to the victimization of at-risk groups and increase the chances of ordinary citizens falling victim to the illegal attacks of transnational criminal groups specializing in the illegal trafficking of people are identified. The article highlights the importance of preventive organizational measures that should be implemented at the state level, as well as other activities aimed at combating modern slavery. Based on a comprehensive analysis of current issues and problems, the article presents well-reasoned proposals for optimizing the prevention of human trafficking. Keywords: criminal activity, modern forms of slavery, slave labor, danger of slave trade, crime prevention, preventive measures, victimization, improvement of legislation For citation: Kobets P. N. Development and Optimization of Events in the Sphere of Preventing Human Trafficking and Criminal Exploitation of Humans. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:168–174 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Julia A. Lepilova Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, yu.lepilova@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article examines the conceptual and essential components of economic and criminal activity in the field of public and municipal procurement from the perspective of a criminological activity approach. It substantiates the need to consider criminal manifestations in this field not as individual crimes, but as a stable system of illegal activity. The article analyzes the factors that make this field attractive for unlawful influence, identifies the characteristics of economic and criminal activity, and formulates the author's definition. Keywords: state and municipal procurement, economic crime, economic and criminal activity, budget resources, contract system, activity-based approach, public interests For citation: Lepilova Ju. A. The Concept and Essence of Economic and Criminal Activity in the Field of Public and Municipal Procurement. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:175–185 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Viktor F. Lugovik Omsk Order of Honor Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Omsk, Russia, Vlug@yandex.ru
Andrey E. Chechetin Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, achechetin@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article examines key controversial issues regarding lawyer participation in operationalsearch activities and the conduct of operational-search measures against lawyers. Particular attention is paid to terminological uncertainty, the limits of permissible “processalization” of public operational-search activities, issues of attorney immunity and the prohibition of interference with attorney-client privilege, as well as the moral and ethical limitations of lawyer confidential interactions with operational units. The authors believe that the optimal solution lies not in mechanically transferring criminal procedural procedures to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Operational Investigative Activities”, but in developing targeted guarantees for situations of actual coercion and the increased risk of investigative actions being substitutable by public operational-search activities while simultaneously preserving the functional specifics of operational-search activities. Keywords: operational-search activities, operational-search measures, right to a lawyer, attorney-client privilege, evidence, Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, professional ethics of a lawyer, judicial review For citation: Lugovik V. F., Chechetin A. E. Lawyer in the Field of Operational Investigative Activities: Controversial Issues. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:186–194 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Sergey B. Rossinskiy Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, s.rossinskiy@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-3188

    • Abstract. This article examines known but unresolved issues arising from the provisions of Chapter 32.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and inherent to the short police investigation, a modern form of preliminary investigation in criminal cases. Several factors that have led to inconsistencies in the rules for conducting short police investigations and their rare use in practice are discussed. Ultimately, it is concluded that to create a productive form of preliminary investigation that is more suitable for addressing the challenges facing pre-trial proceedings and has a purpose similar to the short police investigation, it is necessary to reconsider current approaches to the development of amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. It is also argued that the hasty and chaotic implementation of constantly emerging legislative initiatives must be abandoned. At the same time, it is clarified that real prospects for simplifying police practice can only be seen in the full or partial restoration of the previously existing model of police work, which differs significantly from the preliminary investigation. Keywords: police investigation; pre-trial proceedings, general procedure for police investigation, police department, standard police investigation, preliminary investigation, abbreviated police investigation For citation: Rossinskiy S. B. Notes on Chapter 32.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:195–201 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Svetlana I. Tyumentseva Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, sveta.sapozhnikova.2000@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article examines the interaction between the retroactive effect of criminal legislation and the crediting of punishment and measures of criminal procedural coercion applicable to various stages of criminal proceedings. It substantiates the instrumental role of credit when applying the retroactive effect of criminal legislation, which consists in adjusting the severity of punishment or other measures of criminal law enforcement in relation to the new criminal law. Based on law enforcement practice, practical difficulties are identified. They are caused by insufficient elaboration of legal mechanisms for converting non-equivalent punishments whilst crediting. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for the systematization of law enforcement practice with regard to crediting one type of punishment against another that is not equivalent to it. Keywords: retroactive effect of criminal legislation, setting-off the punishment, releasing from punishment, form of punishment For citation: Tyumentseva S. I. Combination of Rules for the Application of Retroactive Criminal Legislation and Credit for Time Served. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:202–209 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Olga M. Shaganova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, olga.shaganova@yandex.ru
Tatiana P. Derevyanskaya Crimean Branch of Krasnodar University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Simferopol, Russia, yurkina-tanya@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article considers the issues of qualification of involving a minor in committing a crime using information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet). Based on the analysis of the theory of criminal law, law enforcement practice and explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, aspects relating to the age characteristics of the victim, methods of involvement in a crime, as well as the moment the criminal act ends are investigated. In addition, the authors formulate recommendations related to the criminal law assessment of the involvement of a minor in a criminal group, and also propose qualification rules for involving a minor in several crimes. Keywords: qualification of crimes, crimes committed using information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet), crimes against the family and minors, involvement of minors in committing crimes For citation: Shaganova O. M., Derevyanskaya T. P. Features of the Qualification of Involving a Minor in Committing a Crime Using Information and Telecommunication Networks (Including the Internet). Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:210–216 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Alexander I. Shcheglov Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, sanja-2015@bk.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5360-0005

    • Abstract. The author notes that the state, represented by law enforcement agencies, has always faced a rather complex and socially responsible task related to the progressive reduction of crime rates. One of the types of crime that allows for the analysis of organizational and managerial determinants affecting the commission of crimes by individuals registered with the internal affairs bodies is professional crime. The author points out the need to strengthen the supervisory functions of the district police commissioner in relation to individuals who are on preventive registration. The author concludes that organizational and managerial determinants are crucial for preventive crime, as they directly correlate with the increase in the quantity and quality of crime as control by authorized officials decreases, creating sufficient conditions for the re-commission of various types of crimes. Keywords: professional crime, causes and conditions, commission of crimes, individual preventive work, control and supervisory functions of internal affairs bodies, preventive measures, organizational and managerial determinants of professional crime For citation: Shcheglov A. I. Deficiencies in Organizational and Managerial Activities that Influence the Commission of Crimes by Persons Registered with the Internal Affairs Agencies. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2026;2:217–222 (In Russ.).
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