Altai Law Journal of Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia
Altai Law Journal

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Victoria R. Bulgakova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, vikaimamova@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-6881

    • Abstract. This article examines the legal issues of regulating the life of Buddhists in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIXth century and the early XXth century. It is noted that the state’s policy towards the non-religious population is restrictive and is aimed at its Russification and Christianization. A study of the sphere of religion and government suggests that the Lama was the highest spiritual leader of the Buddhists, but the management of religious affairs was distributed between him and the government of the country. A study of the educational system revealed that Buddhists initially received their education in khurul (spiritual) schools, but this was later replaced by secular education in ulus schools and public schools. It is emphasized that the government’s restrictive policies, including those in the field of education, led to the fact that the Kalmyk people remained one of the most culturally backward peoples in Russia until 1917. Keywords: Buddhists, Lamaites, Kalmyks, legal status, the Russian Empire, population of another religion, politics For citation: Bulgakova V. R. Legal status of Buddhists in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIXth and the early XXth centuries. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:7–13 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Yan E. Verhoglyadov Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, barnaullaw@mail.ru

    • Abstract. Based on the results of the analysis of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of statistical indicators of offenses in the Russian Federation, the author points to certain problematic aspects that determine the demand for research of a theoretical-legal nature. One of the priority issues considered in this article is the condition and place of legal ideology in the system of countering extremist activity. The application of previously developed theories by scientists made it possible to determine the content of modern anti-extremist legal ideology in the Russian Federation. Due to the integrated approach, dysfunctional manifestations and practical expressions of the potential consequences of their presence are established. Keywords: legal ideology, extremism, extremist activity, unlawful behavior, countering extremism For citation: Verhoglyadov Ya. E. Legal ideology in the system of countering extremist activities. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:14–22 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Еvgenii V. Loos Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, elev_01@mail.ru
Еvgenii V. Koshelev Omsk Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Omsk, Russia, e-koshelev@list.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to the issue of ensuring the protection of the honor and dignity of a person in the Russian Federation. The problem is the orientation of scientific research in this area as a primary basis not on a developed theoretical concept, but on industry legislation. The author dwells in detail on the analysis of the conceptual apparatus, consistently revealing the concepts of «form», «method», «means», «provision», «implementation», «protection», «guard», and refracting them to the studied area of public relations. As forms and successive stages of ensuring the rights of an individual to honor and dignity, their implementation, protection and defense are distinguished. The author’s definitions of these forms (stages) are given, an analysis of their content is carried out. Keywords: honor, dignity, provision, protection, methods, forms For citation: Loos E. V., Koshelev E. V. Methods and forms of ensuring the protection of the honor and dignity of a person. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:23–32 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Yulia A. Malkova Sochi State University, Sochi, Russia, malkov01@rambler.ru

    • Abstract. The creation of the All-Union People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1934 was associated with the intensification of repressive punitive measures in the Soviet state. The personnel policy in the field of providing personnel to NKVD units in 1934–1945 was inconsistent and highly politicized. In principle, persons who were classically alien to the Soviet government were not accepted into the service, regardless of their professional abilities. During this time period, massive «purges» and dismissals of law enforcement officers were carried out, including in connection with large-scale repressions in the country. On the other hand, measures were taken to improve the professional training of employees, teach them literacy, create specialized courses, and form departmental educational institutions. A significant place in the training of personnel was given to political and educational training based on the ideals of communism, as well as the development of certain physical qualities among the staff of the department, the confident possession of service weapons, and the conduct of sports competitions. Keywords: NKVD of the USSR, Altai Territory, personnel, training, policy, staff, educational institutions For citation: Malkova Yu. A. State policy in the field of personnel supply of the NKVD of the USSR (1934–1945) on the example of the Altai Territory. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:33–38 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Georgy A. Skipsky Ural Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia, skipsky.georgy@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to the historical and legal analysis of the activities of the police, gendarmes and military counterintelligence in the Russian Empire to prevent and suppress subversive activities during the First World War. Special attention in the article was paid to the issues of coordination of the activities of military and police structures, both in frontline and rear provinces. The article provides examples and statistical data illustrating the complexity of the struggle between the city police, military counterintelligence agencies, and territorial gendarmerie departments against the growing revolutionary movement, as well as the regional specifics of the operational situation in the Urals, Siberia, and Turkestan, which were characterized by mass deportations, the use of foreign labor, and increased activity by military intelligence agencies. Keywords: hybrid war, positional war, operational situation, operational and investigative activities, gendarmerie military teams, revolutionary movement, sabotage For citation: Skipsky G. A. Features and problems of organizing counteraction to subversive activities in the rear provinces of the Russian Empire during the First World War. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:39–48 (In Russ.).

THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LAW SCIENCES
Anastasia V. Shcherbinina Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, anastasiya_pitineva@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article attempts to provide a new scientific understanding of the essence of corruption, taking into account the transformation processes taking place in society and the state in recent decades. The author analyzes the approaches to understanding corruption that have developed in the scientific community, as well as the definition enshrined in domestic legislation. Attention is focused on the existing contradictions and problems in understanding the essence of corruption, its forms, range of subjects and motives for corruption. The author sees the solution to the identified problems in the study of corruption through its relationship with such concepts as society, state, power and management. Based on the results of the study, the characteristic features of corruption were identified and the author’s definition of this concept was proposed. Keywords: corruption, subjects of corruption, corrupt relations, public figures, public functions and services For citation: Shcherbinina A. V. Concept and essence of corruption in the contemporary world. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:49–57 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Tatiana D. Andreeva Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, log0707@mail.ru

    • Abstract. Nowadays, when society is increasingly dependent on information and communication technologies and digital resources, there is a search for new mechanisms for regulating and ensuring these processes. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to study the evolutionary formation of such a social phenomenon as the culture of information security, which is an essential element of the mechanism for ensuring the security of individuals, society and the state. The author examines the prerequisites for the formation of an information security culture, as well as highlights the main trends in its development, from ancient times to the present. The transformation of the information security paradigm from a purely technical to a sociotechnical system, where the person himself plays a key role, is shown. Keywords: information security, information society, information security culture, technical paradigm, digital transformation, evolutionary trends For citation: Andreeva T. D. Formation of an information security culture as an essential element of the mechanism for ensuring the security of individuals, society and the state. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:58–64 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Marina A. Buchakova Omsk Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Omsk, Russia, mbuchakova@mvd.ru
Andrey A. Gaidukov Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, gaidukow28@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The authors believe that the overall purpose of a warning is to have a targeted preventative, and sometimes corrective, effect on officials and citizens, including those registered with internal affairs agencies. The article emphasizes that a warning is purely preventative in nature, especially during the early stages of crime prevention. Furthermore, imposing legal liability for failure to comply with the requirements of an official warning contradicts the principle of «non bis in idem», which stipulates that there should be no double jeopardy. An official warning, as a preventative measure, has great potential for preventing offenses and crimes, as well as eliminating the circumstances that contribute to them. The authors consider that, in legal practice, failure to comply with the requirements of an official warning should be considered as aggravating circumstances for administrative and criminal liability. Keywords: protection of public order, police, official warnings, coercive measures, persuasive measures, prevention of offenses For citation: Buchakova M. A., Gaidukov A. A. Warning as a form of preventive action. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:65–72 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Shamkhal A. Gadzhiev Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia, muaitai333@yandex.ru
Tatyana N. Obedkova Russian MIA General Administration for the Altai Region, Barnaul, Russia, dtn2388@bk.ru
Viktor V. Tyryshkin Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, witsan333@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. Control over the execution of documents and orders is an important part of management activities in any organization, including the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. This article presents a comparative description of the orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia regulating the implementation of this control from 1993 to the present. Positive changes are being considered, as well as problematic issues requiring additional regulation in this area. The authors of the article provide an objective assessment of the organizational aspects of monitoring the execution of documents and orders in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in accordance with current regulatory legal acts, as well as identify possible options for improving this area of activity of heads of territorial internal affairs bodies at various levels. The organizational and legal aspects of monitoring the execution of documents and orders are considered as one of the areas of departmental control. Keywords: management functions, management, organization, control, execution of documents and orders, efficiency improvement, office work For citation: Gadzhiev Sh. A., Obedkova T. N., Tyryshkin V. V. Features of monitoring the execution of documents and orders in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (historical aspects and areas of improvement). Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:73–78 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Vladimir A. Galitskov Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russia, v_galitskov@mail.ru
Ivan A. Efimov Ural Institute of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia

    • Abstract. This article is an analysis of the practice and emerging problems of the implementation of certain powers by local governments, which are actually attributed to the field of integrated safety — in the field of fire safety and involve structured interaction, but at the same time have a disparate nature of both legal regulation and actual implementation measures in the legal regulation of primary fire safety measures. The research focuses on identifying weaknesses in legislation, critically reviewing current practices, and offering recommendations for improving the regulatory framework. The authors have attempted to predict the specifics of the transit of legislative provisions from current norms to promising ones during the period of local government reform in the Russian Federation, due to the adoption of new federal law No. 33-FZ dated March 20, 2025. Keywords: primary fire safety measures, organizational and legal problems of redistribution of powers, local self-government, unified system of public authority For citation: Galitskov V. A., Efimov I. A. Powers of local government bodies in the context of transition to a unified system of public authority using the example of ensuring fire safety: constitutional and legal aspect. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:79–85 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Tatyana M. Zanina Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Voronezh, Russia, zanina.tatyana2020@mail.ru
Olga A. Fedotova Central Branch of Lebedev Russian State University of Justice, Voronezh, Russia, fedotova.olga2020@mail.ru

    • Abstract. This article explores the key role of juvenile affairs units within the internal affairs agencies in preventing child neglect and delinquency. Using a systems approach, the author examines the legal and organizational foundations of JAUs and provides a detailed description of their key areas of work: individual prevention, work with dysfunctional families, and interagency cooperation. Current issues in organizing preventive work with minors carried out by JAUs are examined. Contemporary challenges, such as the digitalization of offenses, the transformation of family values, and the rise of deviance among adolescents, are analyzed. Key areas for improving the work of JAUs are identified, and a conclusion is reached regarding the need for a comprehensive approach combining traditional and innovative methods to enhance the effectiveness of juvenile delinquency prevention. Recommendations are offered for optimizing JAUs’ activities to enhance their effectiveness in the current context. Particular attention is paid to the problems and prospects for increasing the effectiveness of preventive activities. Keywords: internal affairs agencies, juvenile affairs department, administrative offenses, crimes, prevention, minors For citation: Zanina T. M., Fedotova O. A. Actual issues of prevention of juvenile delinquency by juvenile affairs units of internal affairs bodies. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:86–91 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Liudmila G. Konovalova Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia, vaskova82@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of legislation changes on elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation during the staffing of its eight convocations. It is noted that at the initial stages of the formation of the electoral system for the formation of the State Duma, the legislation broadly regulated the circle of subjects with the right to nominate candidates, which largely predetermined the «diversity» of the political composition of the first legislatures. Subsequently, due to the narrowing of the circle of persons nominating candidates for elections, due to tightening requirements for political parties and changes in the electoral system, relative stability of the political composition of the lower house of parliament was achieved, and subsequently — the dominance of one political party. Attention is paid to modern trends in the development of electoral legislation on the formation of the State Duma, including digitalization, the desire for transparency, greater detailing of electoral procedures and preventing the involvement of foreign agents and persons involved in extremist organizations in the electoral process. Keywords: еlectoral system, elections of deputies of the State Duma, barrier, political parties, electoral technologies, voting For citation: Konovalova L. G. Key milestones in the legislation changes on the formation of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:92–101 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Svetlana V. Myagkova Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Moscow, Russia, myagkovas83@mail.ru
Victoria E. Khazova Institute of National Security and Law of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, x.victoria@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. This article is relevant study, which is explained both by the increase in migration flows and the increasing complexity of the types and methods of committing administrative offenses in this area, where law enforcement faces certain difficulties and problems that require careful analysis and development of ways to improve. Despite the efforts being made, the law enforcement practice in cases of administrative violations in the field of migration is fraught with a number of difficulties that require a comprehensive analysis and the development of measures to address them. In the course of this study, the authors used methods of system and logical analysis. This made it possible, on the one hand, to summarize, structure and interpret the collected data, and on the other, to identify the key factors influencing migration processes in the Russian Federation and present their dynamic development. Keywords: law enforcement practice, internal affairs agencies, police, administrative offenses, migration For citation: Myagkova S. V., Khazova V. E. Topical Issues of law enforcement practice of police in the sphere of migration. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:102–108 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Alexandra A. Nesterova Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Voronezh, Russia, nesterovaalexandra@yandex.ru Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great, Voronezh, Russia
Olga V. Rybkina Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia, ryzhunya@inbox.ru

    • Abstract. The article examines the mechanism of interaction between internal affairs bodies and tax authorities in identifying signs of tax offenses and crimes. Special attention is paid to the issue of the place and role of internal affairs bodies in tax control and tax legal relations. The author proposes the introduction of new elements in the mechanism of interaction between tax authorities and internal affairs bodies in identifying signs of tax offenses and crimes. Keywords: tax offenses, types of liability, interaction between internal affairs agencies and tax authorities, tax inspections, tax control For citation: Nesterova A. A., Rybkina O. V. Mechanism for interaction between internal affairs agencies and tax authorities during tax control. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:109–116 (In Russ.).

PUBLIC LAW (STATE LAW) SCIENCES
Ivan S. Romanchuk Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia, rector@utmn.ru

    • Abstract. This article is devoted to the study of the coordination functions of a senior official in a unified system of public authority. The author draws attention to the fact that the imposition on the specified person of the largest volume of special rights and responsibilities in the field of ensuring the coordinated functioning and interaction of public power structures operating in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation indicates an attempt to transfer the coordination model carried out by in a unified system of public power by the President of the Russian Federation. It is substantiated that the coordination functions of the head (governor) of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation are addressed to two significant groups of relations — with the participation of the executive authorities of the region and other government bodies of the federal and subject level, with the participation of public authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and local governments, operating on its territory. It has been proven that in order to overcome disproportions in the implementation of these functions when building independent coordination structures in the regions, one of the following models should be used: organizational, which assumes that the coordinator and the coordinated person have the rights and responsibilities to create complex conditions necessary to implement autonomous management decisions based on an agreed position; operational, which presupposes the existence of rights and responsibilities sufficient for making operational decisions directly by the coordination structure itself. Keywords: highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, public authority system, coordination, operational model of coordination, organizational model of coordination, coordination powers For citation: Romanchuk I. S. Coordination functions of the highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in a unified system of public authority. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:117–122 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Anna G. Bragina Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, agb.06@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to the criminal-legal concept of «humiliation». It is analyzed both its direct and indirect (through the category of «insult») mention in socially dangerous acts stipulated by Articles 107, 110, 113, 128.1, 148, 163, 280.3, 282, 297, 298.1, 319, 335, 336, 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Specific examples of judicial and investigative practice demonstrate the differences in the interpretation of humiliation depending on the elements of the crime. The thesis is substantiated that humiliation is a polysemantic evaluative feature characterizing the act, the method of committing the crime, the harm caused, and the direction of intent. A conclusion is drawn on the need for its doctrinal understanding for improvement for the purposes of law enforcement. Keywords: humiliation, insult, discrediting, slander, elements of crimes For citation: Bragina A. G. Concept of «degrading» in criminal law: essence, features, and law enforcement practice. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:123–131 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Dmitriy V. Vedenin Ural Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia, dv_1973@mail.ru

    • Abstract. Based on statistical data, this article examines the characteristics of fraud victims in the Russian Federation. The author believes that, taking into account latency, fraud was the most common crime actually committed in Russia in 2024, although theft was formally registered more often. At the same time, the share of theft in the total number of crimes against property has been steadily decreasing in recent years, while the share of fraud has been increasing. The article compares statistical information about victims of all registered crimes, crimes against property and fraud. The author indicates which groups of the population are most often victims of crimes such as fraud, which can be used for the effective implementation of comprehensive and targeted victimological prevention. Keywords: victims, fraud, victimological prevention, statistical data For citation: Vedenin D. V. Fraud victims in 2024: statistical data analysis. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:132–137 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Yuri A. Vlasov Omsk Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Omsk, Russia, karabanovka@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0424-3849

    • Abstract. The article examines the relationship between the concepts of «group of persons» and «group of persons by prior agreement», as well as the issues of qualifying the actions of a subject who committed a crime in co-execution with persons who are not subject to criminal liability in various periods of law enforcement. When qualifying crimes committed by a group of persons, this circumstance should be considered as complicity if all the perpetrators are subjects. If there is only one subject in the group of persons, and the other co-perpetrators are not subjects due to their age or insanity, then the subject should be charged with the «group of persons» as a method of committing the crime. It is proposed to return the qualifying feature «group of persons» to the norms of Chapter 21 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Keywords: group of persons, group of persons by prior agreement, qualification, persons not subject to criminal liability For citation: Vlasov Yu. A. The content of the concepts of a group of persons and a group of persons by prior agreement in the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:138–143 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Mikhail Yu. Geraskin Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Volgograd, Russia a258a216@mail.ru
Irina V. Kharchenko Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Volgograd, Russia irina_kharchenko_irina@mail.ru
Anatoly A. Shekov Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Volgograd, Russia East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Irkutsk, Russia, shek@inbox.ru

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to the specifics of conducting such an investigative action as an inspection of the scene of an incident on the fact of one of the most common environmental crimes — illegal logging. A feature of crimes of this kind is that criminals often use various methods to completely destroy the traces of a criminal act (most often by arson). The authors emphasize that only a high-quality inspection of the scene with the involvement of specialists of various profiles will allow identifying, record and removing all traces. The article discusses the specifics of examining the scene of an incident in the case of arson of forest plantations, and describes in detail the most common cases in practice where criminals stage a fire for reasons unrelated to artificial ignition, that is, arson. Keywords: environmental crimes, illegal logging, theft of forest resources, inspection of the scene, arson, staging of a fire, a fire source For citation: Geraskin M. Yu., Kharchenko I. V., Shekov A. A. Examination of the scene of the illegal logging of forest plantations during attempts to conceal a crime by arson. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:144–151 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Stepan E. Goltsov Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, S.E.Goltsov@yandex.ru

    • Abstract. Currently, some of the most common crimes committed using human voice and speech include remote fraud, extortion, bribery, and others. In these types of crimes, criminals actively engage in verbal communication with victims, resulting in the generation of voice data that serves as the basis for social engineering. The primary procedural means for obtaining forensically significant voice data stored on user equipment and electronic storage media are investigative inspections and searches. However, to date, forensic science has not addressed the tactical requirements for collecting forensically significant voice data stored on electronic storage media and user equipment, particularly for ensuring its preservation and retrieval during investigative inspections and searches. This article explores these requirements. Keywords: voice information, electronic media, user equipment, investigative inspection, search For citation: Goltsov S. E. Tactical conditions for ensuring the safety and search of criminally significant voice information during investigative inspections, searches. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:152–159 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Kirill N. Karpov Omsk Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, Omsk, Russia, kkn83@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-0571

    • Abstract. The analysis of the grounds for exemption from criminal liability provided for by the current criminal legislation indicates the existence of differences in the legal status of persons who have committed crimes, arising as a result of such exemption. The use of individual grounds generates a more favorable (privileged) legal status for some categories of persons, which is not caused by the objective properties of the crime committed, but is due to the procedural features of the proceedings or other situational factors. In order to eliminate such contradictions, it is proposed to use generalized requirements and a single concept with an established legal meaning — non-rehabilitating grounds for exemption from criminal liability — when establishing certain conditions for exemption and subsequent legal restrictions. It is also indicated that it is necessary to use the established characteristics of the social danger of the crime committed as criteria (conditions) for distinguishing the emerging legal restrictions. Keywords: exemption from criminal liability, equality, conviction, criminal status, sanction For citation: Karpov K. N. Non-rehabilitating grounds for exemption from criminal liability in the context of the principles of equality and justice. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:160–166 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Valentina N. Kufleva Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia, val_swatch@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-9452

    • Abstract. The article examines the legal status of the person who has committed a crime through the prism of constitutional postulates. It analyzes the traditional understanding of the person’s obligation to suffer criminal-legal consequences as a basic component of criminal-legal relations and the insufficient theoretical elaboration of this issue in legal literature. It is indicated that the obligation not to commit a crime does not follow directly from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but from the basic constitutional norms. It is concluded that the criminal-legal status of a person who has committed a crime is a sectoral specification of the constitutional rights and obligations of an individual in his public relations with the state, based on the principle of compliance with laws and respect for rights and freedoms. At the same time, the specificity of this status lies in the predominantly passive nature of the obligations of a person who has committed a crime. Keywords: person who committed a crime, duty, criminal-legal relations, criminal law, criminal liability, criminal-legal status For citation: Kufleva V. N. Obligations of the person who has committed a crime, within the framework of criminal-legal relations. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:167–175 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Denis A. Marakulin Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, dmarakulin@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The article provides a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the formation and development of one of the fundamental, yet highly controversial categories of criminal law — «public order». The author consistently examines the transformation of scholarly views on this definition, starting from its philosophical origins and early domestic approaches, through the dogmatics of the Soviet period, and ending with contemporary debates in Russian criminal law science. Particular attention is paid to the dialectics of the «broad» and «narrow» approaches to defining public order, the analysis of its relationship with related legal categories («legal order», «public safety»), and the search for its specifics as an object of criminal law protection. Based on the analysis of a wide range of doctrinal sources, including works by classical and modern scholars, as well as empirical research data, the conclusion is drawn about the incomplete nature of the conceptualization process for the concept in question, and proposals for its further understanding and potential legal formalization are formulated. Keywords: public order, criminal law, object of crime, concept genesis, law and order, public safety, public morality, hooliganism, vandalism, criminal law doctrine For citation: Marakulin D. A. Genesis and evolution of the concept of «public order» in the doctrine of the Russian criminal law. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:176–181 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Dmitriy A. Simonenko Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, simonenkoda@buimvd.ru

    • Abstract. The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of current criminal challenges related to digitalization, the globalization of crime and the transformation of organized criminal groups, and their impact on the institution of confidential assistance to citizens. The author substantiates the thesis about the insufficient effectiveness of traditional methods of operational investigative activities in the new conditions, which is confirmed by the statistical growth of cybercrimes and the low level of their detection. The paper examines in detail a set of factors that require significant updating of approaches to working with confidants, including the use of new technologies by criminals, changes in the motivation of citizens and a low level of trust in law enforcement agencies. The central problem of the article is the contradiction between the urgent need to increase the effectiveness of confidential assistance and the lack of adequate scientific developments and a modern legal framework for its optimization. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a fundamentally new scientific concept and a set of strategic, legal, organizational and tactical measures to adapt this institute to the challenges of the digital age. Keywords: confidential assistance, operational investigative activities, criminal challenges, digitalization of crime, information technology, legal regulation For citation: Simonenko D. A. Confidential assistance of citizens to operational units of the internal affairs bodies in the context of contemporary criminal challenges. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:182–187 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Liudmila Ya. Tarasova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Lmila09@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-9741

    • Abstract. The article analyzes the trends of criminal law prohibitions, made on the basis of the analysis of changes in the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The vector of development of criminal policy was assessed taking into account the activities of state bodies in implementing the principles of criminal law. The study pays attention to changes related to the area of the foundations of the constitutional system, state security, protection of minors, drug addicts, and medical workers. Conclusions are formulated on the directions and development of criminal legislation. Keywords: responsibility, legislation, punishment, minors For citation: Tarasova L. Ya. Criminal policy of the Russian Federation: trends in criminal law prohibitions associated with recent changes in the norms of the special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:188–194 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Nadezhda V. Tydykova Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, academnauka@rambler.ru

    • Abstract. The article analyses the approaches of law enforcement practice to the legal assessment of touching intimate parts of the body that are not genitals. The cases of committing such actions both with the use of violence, threat of its use or using the helpless state of the victim and without it are analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that one of the reasons for different qualification of such actions is the possibility of causing harm to different objects of criminal-legal protection by committing actions that have the same external expression. Such a conclusion predetermines the necessity of determining the object, to the violation of which the actions of a person were directed, in order to solve the issue of their qualification. The results of generalization of materials of law enforcement practice are given, showing that the actions in question, depending on the circumstances of their commission, are qualified differently: petty hooliganism, insult, battery, lewd acts, acts of a sexual nature, or they are not given an independent legal status. Keywords: actions of a sexual nature, depraved acts, violence, beatings, hooliganism, insult For citation: Tydykova N. V. On the object of assaults involving exposure to intimate parts of the victim’s body. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:195–200 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Alexandr F. Fedorov Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, fedoroffaf@mail.r

    • Abstract. The article substantiates the urgency of the problem associated with the annual increase in the number of crimes as a result of the exploitation of personal mobility equipment, examines the criminological characteristics of these crimes, their causal complex, public danger, personal characteristics of offenders, and suggests a set of measures to prevent offenses and crimes using personal mobility equipment. In general, this study has allowed us to conclude that crime caused by the use of personal mobility equipment has a significant public danger due to significant harm to the health and even the lives of citizens against the background of the continuing increase in the number of illegal acts, which requires immediate measures to regulate the issues of the use of personal mobility equipment at all levels. Keywords: crime, traffic accident, means of individual mobility, prevention of traffic offenses and crimes For citation: Fedorov A. F. On the problem of criminality related to the exploitation of personal mobility aids. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:201–207 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Nikolay V. Fotyanov Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, fotynovnv@buimvd.ru

    • Abstract. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current legal framework and practice of using covert methods in pre-trial criminal proceedings. This study explores the essence and characteristics of covert actions used by those conducting pre-trial criminal proceedings, drawing on current legislation and doctrinal approaches. Particular attention is paid to a comparative legal study of the regulation of these procedures in other countries, identifying common trends and national characteristics. The article substantiates the prerequisites for investigators to more actively use covert methods and analyzes the balance between investigative effectiveness and human rights protection. Keywords: secrecy, covert actions in a criminal case, confidentiality, covert forms of criminal proceedings, covert investigation, criminal procedure and operational-search legislation For citation: Fotyanov N. V. Development of uncovert forms of activities in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:208–214 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Аndrey Е. Сhechetin Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, achechetin@mail.ru

    • Abstract. The subject of the study is the legislative norms regulating operational and investigative activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to identify positive experience and controversial issues in the legislative regulation of legal relations arising in the process of applying operational and investigative activities aimed at solving the problems of combating crime, based on a comparative legal analysis of the norms of the Kazakhstan and Russian laws on operational and investigative activities. The study led to the conclusion that the law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on operational search activities, which provides for a more extensive list of operational search activities, also contains many controversial issues that need to be discussed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the current methods of operational search activities and develop measures to improve their legal regulation. Keywords: operational and investigative activities, investigative activities, compulsory measures, covert control For citation: Discussion questions of legislative regulation of operational and search activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:215–220 (In Russ.).

CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES
Elmira Kh. Shirova Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Barnaul, Russia, p_elmira@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2815-369X
Sergey B. Rossinskiy Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia, Moscow, Russia, s.rossinskiy@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3862-3188

    • Abstract. The article is devoted to a comprehensive interdisciplinary study of one of the key guarantees in criminal proceedings — the institution of the forensic expert’s oath. The authors conduct a historical and legal analysis of the evolution of this institution from its religious origins in pre-revolutionary Russian law through ideologically conditioned transformation in the Soviet period to the current state, characterized by the formal «warning about responsibility» under Article 307 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the current mechanism for warning the expert about responsibility for providing knowingly false conclusions does not ensure real guarantees of the accuracy, objectivity, and impartiality of expert opinions. Arguments are presented that exclude the possibility of a full restoration of pre-revolutionary religious oaths. In the framework of searching for more effective mechanisms, a concept of reintroducing the oath in an updated, secular format is proposed. Keywords: expert’s oath, adjuration, forensic examination, knowingly false expert conclusion, expert’s undertaking, warning about criminal responsibility, forensic expert For citation: Shirova E. Kh., Rossinskiy S. B. Expert’s oath: a guarantee or a procedural formality? Altajskij juridicheskij vestnik = Altai Law Journal. 2025;4:221–226 (In Russ.).
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